Psalm 4 is believed to have been written by David during a time when he was a fugitive and exile, likely while being persecuted by Saul. The psalm was intended for musical performance, presided over by the "chief musician," interpreted as the leader or president of the musical band, not as "for ever" or "conqueror."

During periods of great distress, meditating on God's promises provides solace and strength. These promises offer the hope of salvation, acting as a shield to help believers overcome temptations and depend wholly on God when earthly support fails.

The "light of God's countenance" signifies God's favor and love, His serene presence shining in our hearts. When this light is "lifted up," it produces trust, hope, and true, solid joy. This joy is far greater than the temporary happiness derived from worldly possessions like corn and wine, which the ungodly pursue, as it brings undisturbed peace and security even amidst troubles.

David exhorts the ungodly, his enemies, to avoid sin by trembling or being troubled by their reckless course, engaging in inward reflection away from public view, and being still to restrain their violent impulses. Instead of relying on outward, hypocritical rituals, they should offer "sacrifices of righteousness," meaning pure and sincere worship, and put their trust in the Lord.

David calls God the "God of my righteousness" because he is unjustly condemned by men despite his innocence regarding his actions towards his enemies and his divine calling to kingship. This title expresses his faith that God will vindicate his just cause when the world will not.

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