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This week on the podcast, Mikki speaks to Brandon DaCruz, an online nutrition and physique coach, educator, and science communicator, for a deep dive into one of the most debated models in metabolism research: the constrained energy model proposed by Dr. Herman Pontzer.

Together, they unpack the nuances of Pontzer’s hypothesis, challenge some of the prevailing interpretations, and explore how it compares to the traditional additive model of metabolism — where exercise is believed to directly increase total daily energy expenditure (TDEE). Brandon offers his take on how constrained energy expenditure has been misrepresented to suggest that exercise is ineffective for weight loss, and he brings both data and coaching insights to the conversation.

They also explore the concept of metabolic adaptation, sustainable metabolic scope, and what the research really says about the relationship between physical activity and body composition over time. This conversation is essential listening for anyone navigating the complexities of energy balance, fat loss, and exercise science.

Brandon DaCruz at his website https://www.brandondacruzfit.com/, and on Instagram @brandondacruz_

Chasing Clarity https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/lyle-mcdonald-challenging-the-constrained-energy/id1619611966?i=1000709417044

Brandon DaCruz is an online nutrition and physique coach and sports nutritionist. He’s also a National Level NPC physique competitor and an internationally published fitness model who’s written articles and filmed educational content for publications like Men’s Fitness Magazine and Bodybuilding.com.

Brandon has spent over 12 years working within the sports nutrition and fitness industries and has coached every type of client including Olympia Level professional men’s physique competitors, college athletes, MMA fighters, CrossFit competitors, and lifestyle clients.

He believes in blending what’s been proven in the research with his own anecdotal and first hand "in the trenches'' experience to improve body composition, optimise performance and enhance health in order to help his clients achieve their goals whether that be building muscle, losing body fat, increasing performance and/or optimising health and longevity. This is what he refers to as his health-centric coaching model as he believes that improving one's health is the cornerstone to optimising their physical goals.

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