In Episode 29 of Ancient Code, Modern Mind, host Harsh Rain continues exploring Aryabhata’s practical astronomy in the Golapāda of the Aryabhatiya, focusing on using trigonometry and gnomon observations to measure celestial positions and observer location. Building on Episode 28’s coordinate systems, the episode delves into calculating altitude (Śaṅku) from hour angle and latitude, using gnomon shadow (Chāyā) measurements to determine direction and time, and calculating sunrise/sunset amplitude (Arkāgrā), with a potential nod to atmospheric refraction. A key highlight is finding latitude (Akṣajyā) using the equinox noon shadow, connecting back to Ujjain’s latitude from Episode 27. The episode introduces observational corrections (Dṛkkarma), including parallax (Dṛggatijyā/Lambana), which adjusts for the observer’s surface position, and revisits horizon dip (Dṛkchāyā) for precision. These methods, blending geometry and observation, underpin modern navigation and astronomy, showcasing Aryabhata’s precision-driven genius. Engaging and technical, this episode makes the sky measurable with ancient tools.

Key Words:
Aryabhata, Golapāda, trigonometry, gnomon, Śaṅku, shadow, Chāyā, altitude, amplitude, Arkāgrā, latitude, Akṣajyā, parallax, Dṛggatijyā, Lambana, horizon dip, Dṛkchāyā, observational corrections, Dṛkkarma, Meridian, Prime Vertical, equinox, atmospheric refraction, astronomy, ancient India, navigation, celestial measurement.

Disclosures:

• This podcast is produced for educational and entertainment purposes and reflects interpretations of historical texts. Listeners are encouraged to consult primary sources and scholarly works for further study.

• Pronunciations of Sanskrit terms are approximations for accessibility and may vary across regional traditions.

• This podcast may utilize artificial intelligence for voice generation and content creation to enhance production quality and accessibility.