Episode 3 – From Reforms to Rupture: The Road to Pakistan (1919–1947)
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Episode 3 – From Reforms to Rupture: The Road to Pakistan (1919–1947)
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In this third episode of The Making of Pakistan: Unpacking the Roots of a Nation, we cover Chapter 2 of K. K. Aziz’s influential work, spanning pages 39 to 69. This chapter explores the evolution of constitutional reforms in British India, beginning with the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 and their introduction of Dyarchy, followed by the Simon Commission and the divisive Nehru Report, which rejected Muslim demands for separate electorates. We discuss how these developments widened the Hindu-Muslim divide, especially after the Round Table Conferences and the enactment of the Government of India Act of 1935. The Congress rule in 1937 further deepened Muslim alienation, culminating in the Muslim League’s 1940 resolution formally demanding Pakistan. We also examine the Cripps Offer (1942) and the Cabinet Mission Plan (1946) as critical turning points on the path to partition in 1947.