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Let's Learn Everything!

Let's Learn Everything!

De: Maximum Fun
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 Science communicators Ella Hubber, Tom Lum, and Caroline Roper learn about anything and everything interesting! Each episode they teach each other about a science topic, and learn about a miscellaneous topic. Whether it's bugs on drugs, temporal illusions, or fanfiction, there's so much out there, so let's learn everything! Join our Discord, email us, and follow us everywhere at www.LetsLearnEverything.comTom Lum, Caroline Roper, and Ella Hubber Ciencia
Episodios
  • 85: David Bennett & Why Humans Like Harmony in Music

    85: David Bennett & Why Humans Like Harmony in Music
    May 22 2025

    What is it about harmonies in music that just sounds so good? Can science (and our amazing musical guest David Bennet) help us get to the bottom of it?

    Timestamps:
    (00:00:00) Intro
    (00:06:24) Why do we like Harmony?
    (00:56:10) Our Music Theory Questions
    (01:24:04) Outro

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    We also learn about:

    Listening to Carly Rae Jepsen academically, the musical expert said Caroline has good music taste, I’m down hereeeeee, harmony is just the interaction of any two notes, Tom thinks about high school choir harmony all the time, even babies like harmony, even the oldest flutes have the same holes in them, octaves are so similar we call them the same note, watchmojo ranking of intervals, Carly Rae Jepsen - It Has Many Notes!, a spicy dissonant interval can be good in moderation - like a spicy seasoning in food, Tom is just grinning getting to ask these music questions, we invited you as a guest and you bring this dissonance to our home?? the messy sounding tones match to messy looking ratios, why can we even distinguish pitch? we use pitch in communication so much, animal sounds are the only things that make pitch, animals can recognize intervals, we call bird song song - but to them it’s probably more like language, it sounds cheesy - but in every human voice there’s a harmony, we’re asking the question backwards - we needed to understand harmony to be able to decipher a pitch, hearing the difference between notes IN YOUR HEAD, what we hear in our head is different than the world around us, harmonies are audio cheesecake - something we evolved to enjoy pumped to the max, “we can make cheesecake with our mouths”, cheesecake is just molecules, did you not have to learn human evolution in music school? oh my guilty pleasures are Tchaikovsky’s later works, Ella humble bragging about her spotify wrapped, this is going to come off as hostile but hasn’t enough already been said about the Beatles, how different generations experience the Beatles, more like DavidLegoStopMotion, it took 5 years after a dissertation on how to have a career as a musician on youtube, try song ideas and listen to them later, music theory is Descriptive not Prescriptive, liking technical music, the only way you’ll practice is if you enjoy it, the dopamine hit from the cheesecake of practice, can you send that advice to my mom 10 years ago, but you did practice… yeah, teenagers are good at learning instruments because they have free time, start learning music with the music that you love, learning sheet music at the same time as playing is like learning to write as you’re learning to speak, you learn to write after you’ve practiced speaking for years, you’re full of good ideas David who knew.
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    1 h y 29 m
  • 84: Tree Talk & Trading Card Art

    84: Tree Talk & Trading Card Art
    May 8 2025
    Can trees talk to each other? And how does that personifying metaphor square with the actual science behind it? And what can we learn from the stories of art on trading cards throughout history?Images we Talk About: Trade Cards3 Modern Trading CardsYuka Morii's CardsTerrorHyalopterus LemurePreposterous ProportionsTimestamps:(00:00:00) Intro(00:02:08) Tree Talk(00:52:16) Trading Card Art(01:33:47) OutroSupport us with a Max Fun Membership!Join our Discord!The answer is yes maybe sometimes and no, talking tree folklore, communication as transferring information, The Secret Life of Trees, Caroline WAS vegan, plants feel pain - GOOD, tree self defense, secondary metabollites, you got me AND Ella to write that down, tannin defense mechanism, volatile organic compounds, giraffes avoiding nearby leaves after eating, maybe trees are eavesdropping, mycorrhizal networks, could it be diffusion or a baby tree suckling on its mother, do a stanford prisoner experiment for trees, that tree is giving mother, mother trees - altruistic fungi - and the perils of plant personification, literally talking to trees, your first priority shouldn’t be to not be boring - maybe second, respect for the organisms that are fundamentally unlike us - their unfathomable lives, the modern boom of trading cards, trade cards, mass produced color images were cool and novel, how many credits for that chromo? absurd advertising from the 1800s, anthropomorphic fruits and veggies were all the rage, trade cards were a microcosm of marketing-invention-and collecting, Ella’s baseball impression, looking at a mainstream sport through the nerdiest lens imaginable, cigarette baseball cards, Doug McWilliams photographed 8% of all major league baseball players, oh right photography is an art, and so is building relationships with players, cards began to stand on their own, Richard Garfield wanted baseball cards for nerds, Magic and Pokemon credit their artists - but YuGiOh does not, Yuka Morii’s sculpture cards, Adam Rex’s Terror, Richard Thomas’ Hyalopterous Lemure, Julie Baroh flipping off her classmates, companies screwing over artists, it’s still art in spite of being a piece of cardboard.Sources:2010 Paper: Explaining evolution of plant communication by airborne signalsNew York Times: The Social Life of ForestsBook: The Secret Life Of PlantsNational Geographic: Plants can talk. Yes, really. Here’s how.2025 Pape: Shrub anti-herbivore defenses exhibit non-linear and varied responses to increased herbivore density1990 Paper: Acacia Tree Kills AntelopeBook: Ethylene in Plant BiologyBBC News: Plants send SOS signal to insectsTED ED: Can Plants Talk to Each Other?2015 Paper: Inter-plant communication through mycorrhizal networks mediates complex adaptive behaviour in plant communities1997 Paper: Net transfer of carbon between ectomycorrhizal tree species in the field2008 Paper: Hydraulic redistribution of water from Pinus ponderosa trees to seedlings: evidence for an ectomycorrhizal pathwayScientific America: Do Trees Really Support Each Other through a Network of Fungi?2023 Paper: Positive citation bias and overinterpreted results lead to misinformation on common mycorrhizal networks in forests2024 Paper: Mother trees, Altruistic Fungi, and the Perils of Plant PersonificationFacts or Fairy Tales? Peter Wohlleben and the Hidden Life of TreesVideo: Project gives 200-year-old Dublin tree ‘a voice’[Scientific America: The Idea That Trees Talk to Cooperate Is Misleading](The Idea That Trees Talk to Cooperate Is Misleading | Scientific American)Article: The World’s First Talking Tree Helps Young People Reconnect with NatureSmithsonian: Do Trees Talk to Each Other?---Cornell University on History of Trade CardsHistory of ChromolithographyAmerican Antiquarian Society on Trade CardsPBS on Trade CardsBaseball Card Photography HistoryDoug McWilliams via Baseball Hall of FameDoug McWilliams Interview with SABRDoug McWilliams NYTimes InterviewRichard Garfield on Magic's CreationYuka Morii's Pokemon Card ArtMagic Artist Julie Baroh's InterviewMagic Artist Donato Giancola's Points Against Artist PoliciesMagic Artist Melissa Benson's Artist Advice
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    1 h y 40 m
  • 83: The Most Boring Element & Solving Shakespeare's Accent

    83: The Most Boring Element & Solving Shakespeare's Accent
    Apr 24 2025
    What is the most boring element, and just how boring could it possibly be? Turns out: VERY! And how can we decipher what Shakespeare sounded like, and who among us can lay claim to his accent?Timestamps:(00:00:00) Intro(00:03:52) The Most Boring Element(00:48:53) Solving Shakespeare's Accent(01:26:37) OutroSupport us with a Max Fun Membership!Join our Discord!We’re not going for the easy sappy answer, what makes something boring? all the oxygen stans updating wikipedia, the most boring is obviously bohrium, thulium is used in lasers and x-rays, about 24 grams of astatine per planet, shout out Sir Martin Poliakoff, the 4 elements that came from pitchblende, Caroline stop anthropomorphizing protactinium, the isotope brevium, you could have been called abracadabra and instead your legal name is Actinium’s dad, wow what a fascinating [Rn]5f 26d7s2 ground state electron configuration! give me more random letters and numbers Tom! protactinium is there if your smoke detector is old, the global ocean conveyor belt, THC (Thermal Haline Circulation), that’s the ocean bit- anyway here’s something completely different about protactinium, paleoclimatology sounds a lot like protactinium, Ella realizes the turn, HE DID IT, whoa Caroline doing thumbs up to climate change, they’re de-extincting William Shakespeare, where better to waste my time pursuing this than Let’s Learn Everything, shakespeare is typically performed in received pronunciation, wait this is secretly a UK vs US topic! I’m surprised it took you 3 years to figure out we just keep you for your American accent, Americans have vestigial roticity, the universal beauty of two dudes yapping, what a strange elitism to claim to have Elizabethan English, Appalachian claims of shakespearean accents as a way to boost image, if you want to know what people sounded like back then… look at what people wrote about it! more one to one spellings like “philome” for film, we can deduce the accent from rhymes and puns, I loov this topic, Tom’s accent gets miscalibrated, an open midback is really stylish these days, open mid back unrounded vowel, Ella can move your tongue with her mind, I see why this gameshow didn’t make it to television, don’t wast a reem on a droom, the Rorscach test of the Original Pronunciation created by David and Ben Crystal, flecks of every dialect, “it’s a sound that reminds people of the accent of their home, and so they ten to listen more with their heart than their head”, “American English simply isn’t good enough for Shakespeare”, the Sundry Boroughs of New York baby! the language of Shakespeare is dead but alive in English everywhere, Shakespeare was meant to be played for the public - so it should be spoken like the public, Shakespeare's accent belongs to all of us!Sources:Amazing paper from Nature Chemistry: "The Most Boring Chemical Element"HPS on ProtactiniumLos Alamos Laboratory on ProtactiniumPeriodic Videos on ProtactiniumMining Website on Protactinium's HistoryBritannica on PitchblendeNature Chemistry: "Peculiar Protactinium"NOAA on the Global Ocean Conveyor BeltNOAA on PlanktonEOS on Protactinium for PaleoclimatologyProtactinium/Thorium in Paleoclimatology TextbookCarbonbrief's Climate Tipping PointsThorium Protactinium DatingYu, Francois, and Bacon's first paper on Protactinium Ocean Current Dating---Wiki: British colonisation of the AmericasWiki: Early Modern EnglishHistory of English: Early Modern EnglishBBC: How Americans preserved British EnglishThe Historical Linguist Blog: American English – The language of Shakespeare?Dialect Blog: Shakespearean vs. Modern EnglishNational Geographic: Tangier IslandBBC: The Tiny Island with a British accentLanguage Myths BookDavid Crystal’s Original Pronunciation evidencePaper: Early Modern English PhonologyOxford Dictionary: Early modern English: grammar, pronunciation, and spellingUniversity of Toronto: Early Modern English PhonologyNPR: How Did the Bard Really SoundYoutube: Shakespeare: Original pronunciation
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    1 h y 33 m
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I love this so much! Every episode features a science and miscellaneous topic. I find myself completely invested. There is a feel of chatting with your buddies. The science is accessible even if you don't have background knowledge. My degree is in a science field(geology) and the topics related to my degree are still enriching and offer insight. 5/5 give it a try.

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