Early Philosophy

Though Karl Marx is best known for Capital and The Communist Manifesto, his revolutionary thoughts and ideas had developed over decades spent in study, discussion and association with a variety of organisations throughout Europe and the US, intent on challenging the establishment order. These six very different texts show how Marx’s ideas evolved and how increasingly fierce his views became.

Play is how children explore, discover, fail, succeed, socialize, and flourish. It is a fundamental element of the human condition. It's the key to giving schoolchildren skills they need to succeed. Expert organizations such as the American Academy of Pediatrics, the National Academy of Sciences, and the Centers for Disease Control agree that play and physical activity are critical foundations of childhood, academics, and future skills - yet politicians are destroying play in childhood education.

In this extensive sequel to Science Education in the Early Roman Empire, Dr. Richard Carrier explores the social history of scientists in the Roman era. Was science in decline or experiencing a revival under the Romans? What was an ancient scientist thought to be and do? Who were they, and who funded their research? And how did pagans differ from their Christian peers in their views toward science and scientists?

"If you could only sense how important you are to the lives of those you meet; how important you can be to the people you may never even dream of. There is something of yourself that you leave at every meeting with another person." ( The World According to Mister Rogers)

Would you like to discover, together with your kids, the secrets to smart economical choices in life? Ask Aiden the brave sailor. When his boat sinks off the shores of a distant kingdom, Aiden is captured by the guard and becomes the king's prisoner. The kingdom is going through difficult economic times, and the king is left helpless. Will Aiden's economic advice help the king to save his kingdom? Will Aiden win his freedom back? A must-have intriguing tale for children and their parents that will explain how simple economics really works.

From Stoics to existentialists, in philosophy and literature, discussion of the philosophy of life—of love and death, of courage, fortitude and wisdom—challenges us all to think about what kinds of life are truly worth living. In this summation of a lifetime thinking and writing about this great question, A. C. Grayling explores with clarity and depth the ideas that each of us must use in answering it for ourselves.

This work is a translation of three early Indian Vajrayana treatises from the Sanskrit by three of the early Buddhist Tantric adepts renowned as Mahasiddhas, numbering by the most accepted account eighty-four, who flourished in the medieval era of India from the 8th-12th centuries C.E. The three authors are related by guru-disciple lineal succession, though the first two Anangavajra and Indrabhuti were most likely contemporaries and the third, Laksimnkara was the sister of Indrabhuti and hence his contemporary also. The treatises expound the world-view of Tantric Buddhism, (a.k.a. as ...

Unlock the ancient wisdom of one of history's most daring thinkers with "Xenophanes: A Beginner's Guide: From Myth to Reason." This book invites you on a captivating journey through the life and ideas of Xenophanes, a philosopher who dared to question the norms of his time and paved the way for modern thought. Discover the man behind the philosophy. Step into ancient Greece and meet Xenophanes, whose boldness and intellect set him apart from his contemporaries. Understand the world that shaped his revolutionary ideas and explore the mind of a thinker who challenged traditional beliefs. ...

In How to Be, Adam Nicolson takes us on a glorious, immersive journey. Grounded in the belief that places give access to minds, however distant and strange, this book reintroduces us to our earliest thinkers through the lands they inhabited. To know the mental occupations of Homer or Heraclitus, one must visit their cities, sail their seas, and find landscapes not overwhelmed by the millennia that have passed but retain the atmosphere of that ancient life. Nicolson takes us to the dawn of investigative thought and a nexus of cross-cultural connection.

When Donald Johanson found a partial skeleton, approximately 3.5 million years old, in a remote region of Ethiopia in 1974, a headline-making controversy was launched that continues today. Bursting with all the suspense and intrigue of a fast-paced adventure novel, here is Johanson’s lively account of the extraordinary discovery of “Lucy.” By expounding the controversial change Lucy makes in our view of human origins, Johanson provides a vivid, behind-the-scenes account of the history of paleoanthropology and the colorful, eccentric characters who were, and are, a part of it.

The beginning of modern Europe was a time of confusion, excitement, suspicion, hope, despair, and ideas. It was a time of a lot of change spread out over just a few hundred years, but the end result was a completely different world than the one that had come before it. This audiobook includes details of the transition from the Middle Ages to the early modern era, where Europe saw significant shifts across the continent in phases.

When Dr. David Hosack tilled the country's first botanical garden in the Manhattan soil more than 200 years ago, he didn't just dramatically alter the New York landscape; he left a monumental legacy of advocacy for public health and wide-ranging support for the sciences. In melodic prose, historian Victoria Johnson eloquently chronicles Hosack's tireless career to reveal the breadth of his impact. The result is a lush portrait of the man who gave voice to a new, deeply American understanding of the powers and perils of nature.

An unbelievable series of events led to the establishment of the Northwest Electro-development Laboratory, later the U.S. Bureau of Mines Albany Research Center. Though the fledgling lab had difficulty securing staff due to World War II, world-renown metallurgist William J. Kroll was hired early on as a consultant after fleeing Nazi occupation. Kroll, who had pioneered a method for producing commercial titanium, worked with his core group of associates to develop malleable zirconium, just as a need arose for the little-known metal.

Plato is, by any reckoning, one of the most dazzling writers in the Western literary tradition and one of the most penetrating, wide-ranging, and influential authors in the history of philosophy. This audiobook contains Plato's most notable books. Contents:The Apology; Crito; Charmides; Laches; Lysis; Menexenus; Ion; Meno

The Western Zhou dynasty left an indelible mark on Chinese history, shaping the nation’s identity and cultural trajectory. Through the lens of jade artifacts, this book delves into the profound changes wrought by the Western Zhou period, offering insights into its political, social, and philosophical underpinnings. By juxtaposing ancient Greek philosophy with Chinese thought, the book elucidates fundamental differences between Eastern and Western cultures. Organized chronologically into early, middle, and late periods of the Western Zhou dynasty, the book examines jade artifacts within ...

With his characteristic clarity and elegance A. C. Grayling takes the listener from the worldviews and moralities before the age of the Buddha, Confucius and Socrates, through Christianity's dominance of the European mind, to the Renaissance and Enlightenment, and on to Mill, Nietzsche, Sartre and philosophy today. And, since the story of philosophy is incomplete without mention of the great philosophical traditions of India, China and the Persian-Arabic world, he gives a comparative survey of them, too.

There are plenty of other elements about real-life pirates that are simply fiction. But what about the real history of pirates - is it worth exploring, and why? The history of the Golden Age of Piracy, the one that has shaped the modern conception of a pirate, is complex and long, with lots of information to cover.

Wisdom Begins with the Fear of God Sir Matthew Hale (1609–1676) was one of the most respected jurists of seventeenth-century England, known for his integrity, legal scholarship, and deep Christian faith. A man of both intellect and piety, Hale believed that the existence and attributes of God are clearly revealed in creation and that our failure to acknowledge Him is the root of all folly. In these two essays—one on why we must consider our final end and another on the fear of God—Hale argues that if we want to be wise, we must consider how our physical death is a call to repent of ...

Beginning with Charlemagne, the great and educated king who would serve as an inspiration for world leaders from Frederick II to Adolf Hitler, the Holy Roman Empire’s intricate ties with the Roman Catholic Church would provide for plenty of excitement and drama in its early years. However, as the empire staggered through the Middle Ages and into the Renaissance, it would eventually be forced to declare its allegiance with a new way of thinking: Protestantism.

Children's welfare is the driving force behind Dr. Laura Schlessinger's mission. A devoted mother to her son, Deryk, she identifies herself as her "kid's mom" because that is her most important job. Never one to shy away from tough truths, Dr. Laura marshals compelling evidence for the widespread neglect of America's children and convincingly condemns the numerous rationalizations to excuse it.