East Europe

De acordo com a historiografia ocidental, a Primeira Cruzada teria sido uma expedição militar e religiosa incitada pelo papa Urbano II com o intuito de liberar Jerusalém da crescente ameaça do Islã. O evento teria culminado em julho de 1099, quando da libertação da Terra Santa por milhares de cavaleiros da Europa Ocidental. Mas será que seu verdadeiro catalizador foi Roma?

The East India Company was the largest commercial enterprise in British history, yet its roots in Tudor England are often overlooked. The Tudor revolution in commerce led ambitious merchants to search for new forms of investment, not least in risky overseas enterprises-and for these "adventurers" the most profitable bet of all would be on the Company. Through a host of stories and fascinating details, David Howarth brings to life the Company's way of doing business—from the leaky ships and petty seafarers of its embattled early days to later sweeping commercial success.

A series of mountain chains frame the Levantine coast, growing in height as they approach modern-day Lebanon. These provided a natural defense along the important coast, and the few passes through these mountain ranges were the focal points of movement and communication. For this reason, these locations were where many crusader castles were erected.

Vuelve Fernando Rueda, el autor del best seller "Yo confieso", con un reto aún más difícil: destapar el acontecimiento más grave de la historia del servicio secreto. La historia basada en hechos reales de un grupo de espías que desde el año 2000 se la jugaron en Irak para obtener información valiosa para el Gobierno y a partir de 2003 para proteger a las tropas españolas destinada allí tras la invasión del país comandada por Bush, el presidente de Estados Unidos.

This important book traces the evolution of grassroots social movement in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR) and reveals the democratically spirited, subversive forms of communication practiced behind the Wall before it fell in 1989. From the political jokes shared in private, to the informational events, underground publications, and weekly "peace prayers" that were sheltered by Evangelical-Lutheran churches, to the demonstrations of 1989, to the onslaught of exposé work after the Wall fell, East Germans resisted and rebelled in many humble but brilliant ways.

Warum die BRD nicht ohne die DDR zu verstehen ist – und umgekehrt. Ursula Weidenfeld legt eine Geschichte des doppelten Deutschland vor, wie sie so noch nicht geschrieben wurde. Bisher gibt es, zumindest in der westdeutschen Erinnerung, die Bundesrepublik (oder ganz einfach: »Deutschland«) und daneben die DDR, üblicherweise als der »zweite deutsche Staat« bezeichnet. Deren Geschichte wird immer von hinten erzählt, vom Ende her – das ist die übliche Strafe für gescheiterte Staaten.

The European continent was devastated in the wake of World War II, and the conflict left the Soviet Union and the United States as uncontested superpowers. This ushered in over 45 years of the Cold War, and a political alignment of Western democracies against the Communist Soviet bloc that produced conflicts pitting allies on each sides fighting, even as the American and Soviet militaries never engaged each other.

Dr Cat Jarman is a bioarchaeologist, specialising in forensic techniques to research the paths of Vikings who came to rest in British soil. By examining teeth that are now more than 1,000 years old, she can determine childhood diet and thereby where a person was likely born. With radiocarbon dating, she can ascertain a death date down to the range of a few years. And her research offers new visions of the likely roles of women and children in Viking culture.

In Europe: A Natural History, world-renowned scientist, explorer, and conservationist Tim Flannery applies the eloquent interdisciplinary approach he used in his ecological histories of Australia and North America to the story of Europe. He begins 100 million years ago, when the continents of Asia, North America, and Africa interacted to create an island archipelago that would later become the Europe we know today. It was on these ancient tropical lands that the first distinctly European organisms evolved.

One morning on the outskirts of Damascus, two starving friends were walking through their war-ravaged city. They entered a once familiar street that had now been turned to rubble - concrete bridges towered over them like tombs, and houses were turned inside out. One of them, Aeham, turned to the only comfort he had left - his piano - and composed a song of hope. It was a song that would reach beyond the rubble and bring a message of solidarity to his fellow Syrians and all those suffering the devastation of war.

East Germany: The History and Legacy of the Soviet Satellite State Established after World War II examines the controversial country and its place in the Cold War. The history of East Germany was a remarkable one, from its chaotic origins through its ossification as a Stalinist regime, until the country collapsed with the Berlin Wall. Not only is Germany still marked by the division, but the old frontier still represents different expectations, social conditions, and worldviews.

The town of Caldiran (Chaldiran) in Turkey is home to about 60,000 people. In the early 16th century, it was the site of different kinds of faultlines, serving as a battleground between the region’s two greatest powers as they clashed over politics and religion. On August 23, 1514 two sides clashed at Chaldiran in a contest for hegemony over the Middle East. The course of the conflict can be reconstructed from the politics of the time, knowledge of the characters involved, the contemporary records are available, and what followed the battle.

Egypt in the 13th century was a glorious kingdom to behold. However, there was another factor that made Cairo infamous. The city represented the last bastion of the Muslim world. In 1258, the Mongols sacked Baghdad, destroying the capital of the mighty Islamic Abbasid Caliphate, which was a major blow to the Islamic world. The Mongol armies continued west into the holy land of Syria and Palestine. There, the Mongols met the foe to rival them in war: The Mamluks. Hailing from the Eurasian steppes, the Mamluks were not Arab, but ethnically Turkish, enslaved at a young age.

This book tells the stories of the Muslims, Christians, Jews and others who made a courageous stand against the mass slaughter of Ottoman Armenians in 1915, the first modern genocide. Foreigners and Ottomans alike ran considerable risks to bear witness and rescue victims, sometimes sacrificing their lives. Diplomats, humanitarians, missionaries, lawyers and other visitors to the Empire stood up, including Tolstoy's daughter, Alexandra; Raphael Lemkin, the jurist who first established genocide as an international crime; and the polar explorer Fridtjof Nansen.

For three millennia, the Mediterranean Sea served as the center of western civilization and the scene of many colossal wars and naval battles. In the early summer of 1940, this ancient body of water again played host to a new and extensive conflict as the Kingdom of Italy challenged Britain for dominance within the region. With France on the verge of collapse and Britain facing the prospect of imminent invasion, the Italians hoped to re-establish control over the Mediterranean.

La larga agonía del “hombre enfermo de Europa” , una expresión utilizada por el Zar de Rusia para describir la caída del Imperio Otomano, podía casi cegar a la gente de su increíble poder e historia. Preservando su herencia mixta, proveniente tanto de su posición geográfica que se elevaba sobre las cenizas del Imperio Bizantino como de la tradición heredada de las conquistas musulmanas, el Imperio Otomano duró más de seis siglos.

Die DDR wird oft auf Begriffe wie SED, Stasi und Enteignungen reduziert. Doch das Leben in Ostdeutschland war nicht nur schlecht und die Menschen alle unglücklich...

You are in luck, because you are getting extra material out of this combo. The following topics are going to be addressed: the Akkadian Empire, one of the oldest civilizations we know of, dating back to a few thousand years BC; the Byzantine Empire, a vast empire that lasted for hundreds of years and has had a major impact on the world religions and politics even into the past century; the Mongolian Empire, which was not to be trifled with; and the Ottoman Empire, which was so big and lasted for so long, yet it is one of those empires that many common people have forgotten about.

In terms of geopolitics, perhaps the most seminal event of the Middle Ages was the successful Ottoman siege of Constantinople in 1453. The city had been an imperial capital as far back as the fourth century, when Constantine the Great shifted the power center of the Roman Empire there, effectively establishing two almost equally powerful halves of antiquity’s greatest empire. The Rise of the Ottoman Empire chronicles the rise of one of history’s most influential empires. You will learn about the rise of the Ottoman Empire like never before.

Join me for a distinctive 10-day itinerary through Northeast Italy, where it feels like we are walking together, exploring each destination side by side. This audiobook transforms your travel experience, making it feel as though you're on a leisurely vacation with a local friend. Dive into the vibrant life of Milano, relax by the serene lakes of Como and Garda, and wander through the storied streets of Verona, Venice, Bologna, and Florence.