Philosophy Logic

The front cover of the second edition of Language, Truth and Logic carried this statement in capital letters: ‘THE CLASSIC TEXT WHICH FOUNDED LOGICAL POSITIVISM - AND MODERN BRITISH PHILOSOPHY.’ It was a bold statement, but the book, first published in 1936 when A. J. Ayer was just 25 and a lecturer on philosophy at Christ Church, Oxford, drew unstinting praise from leading figures in the field, including Bertrand Russell.

The Stoics knew what made for a good man – and a good life. Four simple virtues empowered them to cope with the end of a relationship, the loss of a job, ill health, and even bereavement. Now you too can discover for yourself what gave them the emotional resilience to make the most of any situation.

This volume also includes a collection of essays entitled The Educational Frontier, Dewey's articles on logic, the outlawry of war, and philosophy for the Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, and his reviews of Alfred North Whitehead's Adventures of Ideas, Martin Schutze's Academic Illusions in the Field of Letters and the Arts, and Rexford G. Tugwell's Industrial Discipline and the Governmental Arts.

Misogyny is a hot topic, yet it's often misunderstood. What is misogyny, exactly? Who deserves to be called a misogynist? How does misogyny contrast with sexism, and why is it prone to persist - or increase - even when sexist gender roles are waning? This book is an exploration of misogyny in public life and politics by the moral philosopher Kate Manne. It argues that misogyny should not be understood primarily in terms of the hatred or hostility some men feel toward all or most women. Rather, it's primarily about controlling, policing, punishing, and exiling the "bad" women.

There is a cause, or a reason, behind everything that happens. This is the fundamental view behind the classical proposition the Principle of Sufficient Reason, which, in 1813, Schopenhauer chose as his subject for further examination in his doctoral dissertation On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason....

In a letter of 1932, Karl Popper described Die beiden Grundprobleme der Erkenntnistheorie–The Two Fundamental Problems of the Theory of Knowledge–as ‘…a child of crises, above all of …the crisis of physics.' The two fundamental problems of knowledge that lie at the center of the book are the problem of induction, that although we are able to observe only a limited number of particular events, science nevertheless advances unrestricted universal statements; and the problem of demarcation, which asks for a separating line between empirical science and non-science.

All effective debaters, whether they know it or not, employ Aristotle's 3 basic principles of effective argument that form the spine of Rhetoric. In Poetics, Aristotle draws a dramatic distinction between poetry and history. This collection also includes Aristotle's body of work that has come to be identified as Logic.

Thomas Gilovich offers a guide to the fallacy of the obvious in everyday life. Illustrating his points with examples, and supporting them with the latest research findings, he documents the cognitive, social, and motivational processes that distort our thoughts, beliefs, judgments and decisions.

What if the ideas you’ve been taught about reality were merely illusions? Nominalism for Beginners unravels the centuries-old debate that reshaped the way we think about truth, meaning, and the nature of existence. This book is your gateway to understanding one of philosophy’s most provocative revolutions—where everything you thought was universal is replaced by the power of particulars. Explore the origins of a groundbreaking idea. Journey through the Middle Ages, where thinkers like William of Ockham dared to defy tradition. Discover how their rejection of universals set the stage ...

96 Results of a Logical Permutation, elaborated to explain the logic of all known philosophical and mathematical systems. The product has been to find a context for other systems of equal importance to the categorical deduction, which is the only previously known method for formulating objective knowledge statements. The goal is to give each type of system equal treatment. Although typology is a major consideration in these systems, most typologies native to science are discarded as mere lists, or as lacking logical content. Such lists are encompassed in the term ‘organization’ rather ...

This timely audio edition of A Rulebook for Arguments sharpens an already-classic text, adding updated examples and a new chapter on public debates that provides rules for the etiquette and ethics of sound public dialogue as well as clear and sound thinking in general.

In his Introduction, Abraham Kaplan places Dewey's philosophy of art within the context of his pragmatism. Kaplan demonstrates in Dewey's esthetic theory his traditional "movement from a dualism to a monism" and discusses whether Dewey's viewpoint is that of the artist, the respondent, or the critic.

Unlock the doors to the past and embark on a journey through the minds that shaped centuries of philosophical thought. Cassiodorus and Ockham: Masters of Medieval Wisdom is your gateway to understanding the profound legacies of two towering figures in medieval philosophy, presented in one indispensable volume. Engage with the Intellectual Titans: Immerse yourself in the worlds of Cassiodorus and William of Ockham. Their groundbreaking contributions to philosophy, theology, and education are essential to grasping the evolution of Western thought. Explore Timeless Insights: Cassiodorus’ ...

This book offers what may with reservations be described as a theory of the mind. But it does not give new information about minds. We possess already a wealth of information about minds, information which is neither derived from, nor upset by, the arguments of philosophers. The philosophical arguments which constitute this book are intended not to increase what we know about minds, but to rectify the logical geography of the knowledge which we already possess.

In the second edition of this witty and infectious book, Madsen Pirie builds upon his guide to using - and indeed abusing - logic in order to win arguments. By including new chapters on how to win arguments in writing, in the pub, with a friend, on Facebook and in 140 characters (on Twitter), Pirie provides the complete guide to triumphing in altercations ranging from the everyday to the downright serious.

Filled with inspirational quotes... ... this is the book you wish your parents gave you. Have you ever questioned what you believe to be true? Many unasked questions are answered from nine topics: Leadership, Morality, Logic, Facts, Liberty, Criticism, Character, Education, and Politics. Do you regret not asking a parent, grandparent, or mentor about certain life lessons? Get this book now for the answers. TRIGGER WARNING This book contains unapologetic content that could be emotionally and intellectually challenging to the reader. If you are easily triggered, this book provides the ...

Sacred Skepticism: Deism and Agnosticism Explained is not your average book on belief. It’s a sharp, clear-eyed exploration of two powerful worldviews that embrace logic, mystery, and the courage to ask big questions. Whether you’re reevaluating inherited beliefs or carving out your own spiritual path, this 2-in-1 volume will guide you with reason, honesty, and depth. Why settle for dogma or disbelief when there’s a third way—one that respects both the sacred and the skeptical? Two books in one: Includes Deism: A Beginner’s Guide and Agnosticism: A Beginner’s Guide Understand ...

What if you could guide others towards their own realizations, revealing hidden truths and fostering deeper connections? The frustration of feeling unheard, of struggling to articulate your thoughts, is a familiar feeling, right? But what if there was a way to break through that barrier, to become a master of communication, a champion of clarity? This book unveils the secrets of the Socratic method, a powerful tool for unlocking wisdom and revealing truths through insightful questioning.

What does it mean to be truly free? In this bold and ground-breaking exploration of human freedom, Laura Davidson challenges us to contemplate the true nature of liberty. In doing so, she leads us to question many things we may think we know about the human condition and the world around us. Genuine freedom starts with an understanding we have freedom of the will. And yet many present-day scientists and philosophers argue that free will is merely an illusion. Their claim is that the activity of the brain is a purely physical process, analogous to the operation of a computer. But this ...

El pensamiento crítico te permite evaluar situaciones de forma clara y racional, ayudándote a comprender las causas subyacentes, cuestionar suposiciones y explorar soluciones. Al aplicar la lógica, estructuras tu proceso de pensamiento, lo que te permite analizar problemas metódicamente y tomar decisiones sólidas y fundamentadas. Este libro te dota de herramientas prácticas para tomar decisiones acertadas con confianza, tanto en tu trabajo como en tu vida personal.