Philosophy Logic

This book will familiarize the reader with the basics of critical thinking and informal logic — deductive and inductive arguments, form and content, fallacies, and complex arguments. Following a brief introduction, Chapter 1 outlines the basic concepts and principles of informal logic. Chapters 2 and 3 focus on deductive and inductive reasoning (analogical and statistical) and include a discussion of validity, soundness and cogency. Chapter 4 presents rhetorical devices and informal fallacies. Chapter 5 discusses strategies and tactics for the evaluation of complex argumentation. Chapter ...

Is it possible that the problems in the world are not caused by capitalism and rich people? Is it possible that anti-capitalism and anti-reason philosophies are nothing more than elaborate hoaxes designed to convince people to give up everything they have honestly earned and take it away from them? Is it possible they are caused by the re-distribution of capital to wasteful uses and the consequent destruction of jobs and affluence? Additionally, after spending millions of dollars to fix the economy or the environment, altruists will forget to ask if the problem is fixed. If they hear that ...

In very recent times humanity has learnt a vast amount about the universe, the past and itself. But through our remarkable successes in acquiring knowledge we have learned how much we have yet to learn: the science we have, for example, addresses just five per cent of the universe, pre-history is still being revealed, with thousands of historical sites yet to be explored, and the new neurosciences of mind and brain are just beginning.

By explaining how the human brain works and outing its most irrational processes, this book provides the thinking tools that will help you make better decisions, ask the right questions (at the right time), know what to look for when evaluating information, and understand how your own brain subconsciously clouds your judgment. Think you're too smart to be easily misled? Harrison summarizes scientific research showing how easily even intelligent and well-educated people can be fooled.

“A thinking mind is an active mind” they say. This book is meant for general consumption, specifically for children and teenagers between the ages of seven to 16. This book was inspired by you, yes you! And it aims at clarifying and making their minds ready for the outside world as they grow. It is an avenue for youths of these ages to put on their thinking caps and questioning spirits so they can know more about the world they live in. This book has many benefits, resources, and qualities to add to their lives, as well as impact to make in their daily lives.

“Is life worth living?” Mansel, a programmer, asks that question in frustration after he learns Amanda, his wife, is leaving him. Cece, the AI global control supercomputer, hears him and begins calculations. He tries to stop her, but he is too late – the countdown has begun. What will Cece decide? Nobody wants to wait around and find out, because the fate of all humanity hangs in the balance. It's 2121 and the world has become overly dependent on Cece, who makes all routine decisions. Not only does she answer questions, she gives follow-up advice. Or is it orders? The line has grown ...

Instead of always being the victim, turn yourself into the victor. All it takes is a shift in perspective, and that’s what Stoicism is all about. The timeless wisdom of the Stoics can help anyone find inner peace and joy and Stoicism - Understanding and Practicing the Philosophy of the Stoics is the perfect starting point.

Fallacies are everywhere. Basically, people of so many different cultures, backgrounds, and upbringings reach the wrong conclusions because the way they reason is false. It makes sense. Life is complex. We all make mistakes. We all contribute certain consequences to the wrong causes, and we base our opinion on a myriad of assumptions, which are based on previous experiences.

"Is it selfish to abandon your abilities to follow your dream?" Unlock the continuing mind-bending possibilities of ethical and moral dilemmas with "After Dinner Conversation - Season Three," the next installment of the must-read collection of the best short stories from the critically acclaimed After Dinner Conversation magazine series. Spanning all genres, from science-fiction to historical fiction and everything in between, each story is guaranteed to captivate you and leave you questioning your own beliefs. Perfect for philosophy students and fiction lovers alike, each story comes with ...

Is it right to eat a pig that wants to be eaten...? Thought experiments are short scenarios that pose a moral or philosophical problem in a vivid and concrete way. In this book Julian Baggini presents 100 of the most intriguing thought experiments from the history of philosophy and ideas.

Critical thinking can be defined as "finding out how to think better by enhancing one's thinking skills". People who are critical thinkers use the thinking procedure to evaluate, consider, reflect on, and piece together what they have learned or are currently learning. Unfortunately, much of everybody's thinking tends to be prejudiced, imprecise, uncertain, uninformed, or even sexist or racist. Since this ends up being significantly limiting, critical thinking is needed to improve its quality and value.

Find Your Way Commentary: On A Mystic Philosopher’s Pragmatic Orienting System.This book is the commentary on my first book, Find Your Way. It explores the topics presented in my first book in more detail and in more depth. It draws upon all the years I have spent in thinking about and writing about this topic. Find Your Way is the outcome of my mystic vision that I had when I was 9 years old. I was given a gift and guided along the way. I wish to share this with you.To help ourselves we must ponder the challenge that Socrates proposed. We must examine our life by considering the origins ...

Have you ever wondered why we make the decisions we do? What drives the choices of individuals, shapes economies, and defines history? Praxeology for Beginners reveals the hidden logic behind human action, offering a powerful lens to understand the world and your role in it. Unlock the science of decision-making. This book simplifies the timeless principles of praxeology, making it accessible to everyone. Discover how purposeful behavior shapes markets, social structures, and personal lives—all rooted in the universal truth that humans act with intent. Explore the why behind the what. ...

Think like Leonardo da Vinci, Albert Einstein, and Charles Darwin. Great geniuses before us have uncovered certain key principles on their path to greatness. You can learn those principles now, without all of the sweat, tears, and costly mistakes. Imagine that you could tap into the minds of many great geniuses. Think how they could help you solve challenging problems, broaden your mental horizons, and avoid common pitfalls. They actually can, if we study the principles that they lived by, and incorporate them into our lives.

“Everybody argues; not everybody knows how to argue.” This phrase is incredibly accurate. You see, logical fallacies are everywhere. They can be used to manipulate people or turn an argument sour, derailing it from the get-go. This audiobook will give you the tools to fight logical fallacies and make your arguments completely bulletproof logically. Moreover, if you want to be a great debater, it will help you learn all the ins and outs of logical fallacies so you can laugh (inside) as your opponent gets stuck in them.

The Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus is a classic work of philosophy by the Austrian philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. Written during World War I, the Tractatus consists of seven propositions. In the propositions, Wittgenstein discusses language, thought, reality, and the natural science.

In our rapidly evolving world, sharp, critical thinking and solid logic are more critical than ever. With the flood of information, opinions, and misinformation overwhelming our daily lives, the capacity to discern truth from falsehood, think clearly, and make well-informed decisions is not just an asset—it's a necessity. This book serves as a beacon for those looking to enhance their cognitive abilities. It's a practical guide offering a deep dive into critical thinking and logic.

This book guides Christians through the journey of faith that calls them to be in the world but not of it. It emphasizes the power of following Christ’s teachings while exercising independent thought, especially in an era where society often promotes conformity. Through biblical teachings, real-life examples, and reflective exercises, this book will inspire readers to stand firm in their beliefs, question popular narratives, and deepen their personal relationship with God.

This essay is a game-changer in the philosophy of mind. Please note that this short book is written for specialist readers and contains unexplained jargon. It is the enhanced version of an academic philosophy-of-mind essay submitted on September 28, 2023, for the CFP essay prize "Is Consciousness Fundamental?" The prize is part of the John-Templeton-Foundation-funded project “Panpsychism and Pan(en)theism: Philosophy of Mind Meets Philosophy of Religion,” led by Philip Goff (Durham University) and Andrei A. Buckareff (Marist College). Added material includes an epistemology subchapter ...

---Not a prolegomena, a foundation.--- More descriptive than a manifesto, and deeply pioneering in its formality, this manual uses a diagrammatic method to express new theories and foundations in thought. In place of circular reasoning, it offers recursive proofs; in place of unsolvability, it offers exclusive contexts; in place of linguistic deconstruction, it offers categorical deductions. It includes over three-hundred pages of interrelated methods, arguments, and tools, using a predominantly visual method, which promise to assist the philosopher in making logical, ethical, and ...