Renaissance Europe

Isabella and Ferdinand of Spain, given the title the "most Catholic monarchs" by the Pope during their reign over Spain, are often blamed for some of the greatest atrocities in history. Remembered primarily for commissioning Christopher Columbus's historical voyage to the New World in 1492, they have been assigned blame for the results of the Spanish Conquest, particularly the catastrophes that befell the Native Americans of the New World.

Eine der am wenigsten verstandenen Perioden der europäischen Geschichte ereignete sich zwischen dem 6. und dem 14. bzw. 15. Jahrhundert (je nachdem, welchen Historiker Sie fragen). Allgemein als Mittelalter bezeichnet, war dies eine Epoche extremer Veränderungen für Europa, beginnend mit dem Fall des Weströmischen Reiches. Für einen Kontinent, der eine drastische Umverteilung im Machtgefüge erlebt hatte, schien die Welt besonders hart zu sein. Rom hatte weit über ein Jahrtausend lang eine wichtige Rolle in Gesamteuropa gespielt. Dann verschwand es.

In Nature and Culture in the Early Modern Atlantic, historian Peter C. Mancall reveals how Europeans and Native Americans thought about a natural world undergoing rapid change in the century following the historic voyages of Christopher Columbus. Through innovative use of oral history and folklore maintained for centuries by Native Americans as well as original use of manuscript atlases, paintings that depict European representations of nature, and texts that circulated across the ocean, he reveals how the encounter between the old world and the new changed the fate of millions.

Elizabeth I acceded to the throne in 1558, restoring the Protestant faith to England. At the heart of the new queen's court lay Elizabeth's bedchamber, closely guarded by the favoured women who helped her dress, looked after her jewels and shared her bed. Elizabeth’s private life was of public, political concern. Her bedfellows were witnesses to the face and body beneath the make-up and elaborate clothes, as well as to rumoured illicit dalliances with such figures as Robert Dudley. Their presence was for security as well as propriety, as the kingdom was haunted by fears of assassination plots and other Catholic subterfuge.

Of course part of what made Galileo such a monumental figure was the fact that he was ahead of his time and that he mostly refused to conform to the accepted dogmas of contemporary society. As he once put it, "Philosophy is written in that great book which ever lies before our eyes - I mean the universe - but we cannot understand it if we do not first learn the language and grasp the symbols, in which it is written."

The Renaissance was an era of cultural development during the 14th to the 17th centuries. Beginning in Italy, the learning of the Renaissance soon spread all over Europe, with an emphasis on intellectual inquiry and Classical revival that marked a departure from the Middle Ages. While some Europeans pursued these ideals through art and learning, others explored the world across the oceans.

New Caelum is virus-free, and its citizens are eager to venture outside for the first time in nearly seven years. But when an outsider shows up with a near-fatal dog bite along with a harsh message from Governor Jackson, it becomes clear: the elite people of New Caelum are not welcome outside the gates of New Caelum and new dangers lurk in the outside world.

Without libraries, what have we? We have no past and no future. This book tells for the first time in English the story of the first great universal library in the age of printing - and of the son of Christopher Columbus who created it. This is the scarcely believable - and wholly true - story of Christopher Columbus' bastard son Hernando, who sought to equal and surpass his father's achievements by creating a universal library. His father sailed across the ocean to explore the known boundaries of the world for the glory of God, Spain and himself.

When people think of ancient Greece, images of philosophers such as Plato or Socrates often come to mind, as do great warriors like Pericles and Alexander the Great, but hundreds of years before Athens became a city, a Greek culture flourished and spread its tentacles throughout the western Mediterranean region via trade and warfare. Scholars have termed this pre-Classical Greek culture the Mycenaean culture, which existed from about 2000-1200 BCE, when Greece, along with much of the eastern Mediterranean, was thrust into a centuries long Dark Ages.

This valuable deal contains multiple titles in one book. The topics are the following: Florence, once a major center of Middle Ages European trade and banking, and one of the most affluent cities in the world; Naples, one of the world's oldest constantly occupied cities; St. Catherine of Siena, a Dominican laywoman, mystic, activist, and writer who impacted Italian literature and the Catholic Church significantly; the Vatican, a landlocked, independent city-state and enclave in Rome, Italy; and the Venetian Empire.

History has pictured Elizabeth I as Gloriana, an icon of strength and power - and has focused on the early years of her reign. But in 1583, when Elizabeth is 50, there is relentless plotting among her courtiers - and still to come is the Spanish Armada and the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots. We have not, until now, had the full picture.

What Nazi Germany did to the Jews did not happen overnight. The foundation for it was built in German culture over the centuries, arguably started by the writings and deeds of perhaps the most influential reformer of the millennium, Martin Luther. This screenplay is a journey through his life to give us insights of how a movement, no matter how pure in its intention, could go terribly wrong.

What had previously been a European powerhouse for centuries had become a fractured mess of diverse territories. In the late 18th century, each of these states had fallen under heavy influence from both the French and Austrian nations. Discover the events which took place, including constant suppression from Metternich and the Austrians, three wars for Italian Independence, the attempted assassination of Emperor Napoleon III of the French Empire, and the sensational story of Garibaldi and the thousand.

This is a landmark in science writing. It resurrects from the vaults of neglect the polymath Jerome Cardano, a Milanese of the 16th century. Who is he? A gambler and blasphemer, inventor and chancer, plagued by demons and anxieties, astrologer to kings, emperors and popes. This stubborn and unworldly man was the son of a lawyer and a brothel keeper but also a gifted physician and the unacknowledged discoverer of the mathematical foundations of quantum physics.

The Renaissance spawned the use of the label "Renaissance man" to describe a person who is extremely talented in multiple fields, and no discussion of the Renaissance is complete without the original Renaissance man, Leonardo da Vinci. Indeed, if 100 people are asked to describe Leonardo in one word, they might give 100 answers.

It's safe to say there have been countless prophets and seers throughout history, but only one Nostradamus (1503-1566). Nostradamus has become a pop-culture fixture even among those who find nothing of note in his work. He is a cult figure among those who pore through his prophecies to look for proof that he foresaw major world events centuries ahead of time.

Elizabeth Fane is on the cusp of 50, but instead of celebrating with her family, she is on a plane to Italy alone, leaving behind her husband, three adult sons, and the profound rift between them.

This is Wellington’s official dispatch to Earl Bathurst, Principal Secretary of State for the War Department in London. He describes the skirmish at Quatre Bras on June 16, followed by the main engagement at Waterloo two days later, where the French Army was defeated.

Machtgewinn und Machtbehauptung der Medici im Florenz des 15. Jahrhunderts waren schon für die Zeitgenossen ein Lehrstück der Politik: Wie konnte es gelingen, scheinbar übermächtige Gegner aus älteren und vornehmeren Familien zu verdrängen? Wie ließ sich eine vorher relativ offene Republik so umformen, dass der Wille der Medici maßgeblich und durchsetzbar wurde? Als packendes Drama in fünf Akten erzählt Volker Reinhardt den Machtkampf der Medici - mit Cosimo de Medici als "Hauptdarsteller".

Rom befindet sich auf dem Gipfel der Hochrenaissance, als am 6. Mai 1527 ein Heer Kaiser Karls V. die Mauern der Ewigen Stadt erstürmt und in der Folgezeit ein regelrechtes Terrorregiment am Tiber errichtet - Sacco di Roma. Vorangegangen war eine Diplomatie der Illusionen und der Selbstüberschätzung Papst Clemens' VII, der nach der Einnahme Roms monatelang in der Engelsburg als Gefangener in seiner eigenen Hauptstadt ausharren muss.