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English Edition: In this last episode of 2024 I want to remember David Mills and his work on the Network Time Protocol (NTP). The tool that keeps our machines in sync. David Mills worked closely with Harlan Stenn from the Network Time Foundation on NTP and I was very fortunate to grab some of Harlan's time to talk to him about NTP and David Mills' contribution.

Some links (by far not an exhaustive list):

• https://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/ David Mills homepage at the Uni. of Delaware (which still exists). There are a lot of links to his work on NTP
  • https://eecs.engin.umich.edu/stories/remembering-alum-david-mills-who-brought-the-internet-into-perfect-time
• https://www.ntp.org/ The Network Time Protocol homepage with tons of details and specifications on how it all works
• https://www.nwtime.org The Network Time Foundation
• https://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/database/brief/arch/arch.pdf a presentation on how NTP works
• https://www.nwtime.org/bio/harlan-stenn/ Harlan Stenn's Bio
• https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc778 I think this is the first RFC of the early version of NTP
• https://www.ntp.org/reflib/rfc/ This contains a list of all RFCs related to NTP

The sounds you're hearing are from Phill Niblock, musician, composer, artist and his recording you can get on the internet archive
https://archive.org/details/phill-niblock-music-by-phill-niblock

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English Edition: Arnaud Legrand, Christophe Pouzat and Konrad Hinsen, three French researchers, who went through the pain of making research data and software reproducible. Out of that pain grew a set of online courses. I met with them to discuss how they developed the courses, the steps they had to go through and what the courses cover.

• https://www.fun-mooc.fr/en/courses/reproducible-research-methodological-principles-transparent-scie/
• https://www.fun-mooc.fr/en/courses/reproducible-research-ii-practices-and-tools-for-managing-comput/
• https://khinsen.net
• https://orgmode.org

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Edition française: GNU Guix est un gestionnaire de paquets pour GNU/Linux. Ghislain a rencontré Pierre-Antoine Bouttier, Ludovic Courtes et Simon Tournier de GUIX pour discuter de la façon dont GUIX peut aider à la reproductibilité.

• https://guix.gnu.org/fr/
• https://10years.guix.gnu.org/video/guix-as-a-tool-for-computational-science/
• https://10years.guix.gnu.org/video/using-guix-for-scientific-reproducible-and-publishable-experiments/
• https://hpc.guix.info/events/2023/workshop/video/what-is-guix-/
• https://hpc.guix.info/events/2023/workshop/video/everyone-can-learn-how-to-guix/
• https://hpc.guix.info/events/2023/workshop/video/reproducible-virtual-machine-management-with-guix/
• https://hpc.guix.info/events/2023/workshop/video/reconciling-high-performance-computing-with-the-use-of-third-party-libraries-/

Dans un contexte HPC

• https://inria.hal.science/hal-01161771/en
• https://inria.hal.science/hal-03604971/

Plus généralement

• https://guix.gnu.org/en/publications/

Simon Tournier

• https://replay.jres.org/w/3TuYmocHwKtzs7q1VtL1GB
• https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-022-01720-9

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English edition [EN]: Niklaus Wirth is one of the computing pioneers and his work inspired many other technologies and a generation of engineers. In this episode I discuss one of his many contributions: the programming language Pascal. And we hear from 3 people who worked and learnt with Pascal in their career: Irving Reid, Todd Jacobs and Charles Forsythe.

Links:

• https://computerhistory.org/profile/niklaus-wirth/
• https://people.inf.ethz.ch/wirth/
• https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/wirth_1025774.cfm Turing Award for N Wirth
• https://people.inf.ethz.ch/wirth/CompilerConstruction/index.html Book on Compiler Construction
• http://pascal.hansotten.com/ucsd-p-system/more-on-p-code/ p-code machines
• http://pascal.hansotten.com/standard-pascal-and-validation/ Standard Pascal
• https://www.embarcadero.com/products/delphi Delphi
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UCSD_Pascal UCSD Pascal
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yj3DMUn6cck Kathleen Jenssen (co-author of the Pascal book) at the 80th birthday reception for N Wirth
• https://www.fidonet.org Fidonet bulletin board
• http://www.retroarchive.org/swag/index.html Software Archiving group (Pascal)

Not everyone was enamoured with Pascal. Here is a link to B Kernighan's post on 'Pascal...is a toy language' http://www.lysator.liu.se/c/bwk-on-pascal.html

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English edition [EN]: We're kickstarting a round of new ByteSized RSE online classes and podcast episodes with an episode on containers. Focusing on Podman (used in the online class) and Docker. My guest for this episode is Simon Li from the Uni. Dundee.

Many thanks to Universe HPC for supporting this podcast.

Containers:

• https://docs.docker.com Docker
  • https://www.docker.com/pricing/faq/ Info regarding the Docker licenses
  • https://docs.docker.com/get-started/docker-overview/ An overview of how Docker works
• https://podman.io Podman homepage
  • https://podman-desktop.io/docs/migrating-from-docker migrating from Docker to Podman
  • https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/run-containers-mac-podman running Podman on a Mac
  • https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/run-podman-windows running Podman on Windows
  • https://github.com/containers/podman/blob/main/docs/tutorials/podman-for-windows.md more on Podman for Windows
• https://containerd.io another container tool
• https://repo2docker.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html repro2docker, the tool Simon mentioned
• https://kubernetes.io Kubernetes
• https://apptainer.org Apptainer (formerly Singularity)

Container history:

• https://www.aquasec.com/blog/a-brief-history-of-containers-from-1970s-chroot-to-docker-2016/ brief overview
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wW9CAH9nSLs the presentation from 2013 when Docker was introduced at PyCon that year
• https://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/ChrootHistory a brief history of the chroot(2) command of Unix
• https://free

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Deutsche Version: In dieser letzten Folge vor Weihnachten treffe ich mich mit Priv. Doz. Dr Georg Hager vom Rechenzentrum der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg. Georg Hager gibt uns einen kleinen Überblick in die Entwicklung von HPC Rechnern, also Hochleistungsrechnern und wir sprechen über die Herausforderung bzgl. Software Entwicklung und wie man Personal and HPC Rechner heranführt.

Links:

• https://hpc.fau.de/person/georg-hager/
• https://www.nhr-verein.de/en Der NHR e.V.
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_processor Vektor Rechner
• https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/508045 "Cluster" von PCs, das Beowulf System
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrinet Myrinet Netzwerk
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InfiniBand Infiniband Netzwerk
• https://www.openmp.org Open MP für paralleles Programmieren
• https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-toolkit NVIDIA CUDA toolkit

Etwas zur Geschichte von älteren Modellen

• https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z23 Der Zuse 2023 Rechner
• https://horst-zuse.hier-im-netz.de/Konrad_Zuse_index_english_html/rechner_z23.html Konrad Zuse und der Z23
• https://www.reddit.com/r/pcmasterrace/comments/n4wwp4/the_zuse_z23_at_the_university_of_erlangen_fully/?rdt=55435 der Z23 am Rechenzentrum in Erlangen
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic-core_memory Magnetische Speicher
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum_memory Trommelspeicher

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English Edition:

• https://www.esciencecenter.nl Home page of the eScience Center
• https://www.esciencecenter.nl/calls-for-proposals/fellowship-open-call/ Fellowship programme at the eScience Center

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L'édition française: On a beaucoup de promesse sur l'usage du calcul quantique. Ghislain Vaillant discute avec Sabine Mehr et Félix Givois de GENCI (Grand Equipement National de Calcul Intensif) pour jeter un coup d'œil aux coulisses de cette technologie fascinante.

• https://www.genci.fr/connaitre-genci/calcul-haute-performance-intelligence-artificielle-et-calcul-quantique
• https://www.genci.fr/actualites/france-hybrid-hpc-quantum-initiative-hqi-genci-et-le-cea-annoncent-la-selection-de-0

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