In this episode encore we discuss the management of digestive disorders with pureANIMAL ambassador Dr Caroline Mansfield. Topics discussed include:

• What made Dr Mansfield want to become a veterinarian and what sparked her interest in gastroenterology.
• Projects Caroline has been involved in throughout her career.
• Dr Mansfield’s current canine microbiome and chronic enteropathy study.
• Effects of diet on diet-responsive enteropathies.
• Dr Caroline talks about her project on ‘Modifying the gut-brain axis to improve outcomes in shelter animals’.
• Probiotic benefits in decreasing stress in dogs.
• Common feline digestive disorders Dr Mansfield gets presented with and how she manages them.
• When are probiotics indicated in feline digestive disorders?
• When to reach for prebiotics or synbiotics?
• Dr Caroline specifies the indication for Metronidazole.

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This month we welcome back Dr Meng Siak to talk about chronic ear infections. Topics discussed include:

• Why do ear infections become chronic?
• Common predisposing factors for chronic otitis externa.
• Primary causes that can result in recurrent ear infections.
• Dr Meng explains how some conditions can result in otitis media.
• Why do some infections become resistant to antibiotics?
• Secondary causes of chronic otitis externa.
• Dr Siak discusses how he would approach acute cases differently to chronic cases.
• Recommendations on the best way to perform ear flushes.
• The importance of yearly maintenance plans.
• Meng talks about permanent side effects of recurrent ear infections.
• Ear canal ablations as part of managing difficult cases.

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In this month's episode we welcome back Dr Matthew Muir to talk about PEA and its application in small animal practice.

Topics discussed include:

• What is palmitoylethanolamide (PEA)?
• Mechanism of actions of PEA.
• Bioavailability of PEA - which form should we use and why?
• PEA has been available since the 1950's, why hasn't it been used more in veterinary medicine?
• CBD vs PEA, how are they similar and how do they differ? When to recommend PEA over CBD.
• Dr Muir discusses the safety profile of palmitoylethanolamide.
• Atopy and PEA - should PEA be used long term or short term?
• Evidence for use of PEA in animals and humans.
• How Dr Muir uses PEA in his practice?
• Matt shares some personal experience of ideal doses for certain conditions.

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