Higher education institutions continue to struggle with student retention, career readiness, and underemployment among graduates. Traditional college advising models focus heavily on selecting a major, yet many students graduate with empty degrees that fail to translate into meaningful careers. In this episode of Changing Higher Ed®, Dr. Drumm McNaughton speaks with Scott Carlson and Dr. Ned Scott Laff, authors of Hacking College: Why the Major Really Doesn’t Matter and What Really Does, about how institutions can rethink academic advising, faculty engagement, and student success strategies to better serve today’s learners. Carlson, a senior writer for the Chronicle of Higher Education, and Laff, who has over 35 years of experience in college and university settings helping students design successful undergraduate experiences, discuss how universities can shift away from a rigid, major-centric model to a personalized student success framework. They explain how students who lack career clarity often end up in underemployment, taking jobs unrelated to their degrees. Their research shows that institutions must evolve their advising structures to help students identify vocational purpose, leverage experiential learning, and navigate the hidden job market. The Problem with Traditional Academic Advising The outdated focus on major selection leads students into rigid career paths, often misaligned with their strengths and interests. A one-size-fits-all advising model leaves first-generation and low-income students struggling to navigate the complexities of higher education. Limited faculty-student engagement prevents students from leveraging university resources and professional networks. Lack of career-aligned experiential learning results in students graduating without the necessary skills and industry connections. Revolutionizing College-to-Career Transition Carlson and Laff propose a new model where higher education leaders integrate career-focused advising and faculty mentorship into the student experience. This involves: Helping students explore hidden intellectualism—their deeper interests and skills that could shape their career trajectories. Connecting students with faculty and industry professionals to uncover career pathways beyond traditional job titles. Expanding experiential learning opportunities through internships, mentorships, and project-based learning. Teaching students to research the hidden job market to discover roles they might never encounter through a standard career fair. Institutional Strategies for Student Success For university presidents, boards, and executive leaders, improving student outcomes requires a fundamental shift in how advising and faculty engagement are structured. Institutions should: Encourage faculty to act as mentors, guiding students beyond coursework to explore real-world career applications. Train advisors to support students in creating flexible, goal-oriented academic plans that integrate experiential learning. Strengthen career services by building industry partnerships and embedding career readiness into academic programming. Utilize existing institutional resources—including government affairs, research opportunities, and alumni networks—to connect students with career pathways. The Hidden Job Market and Career Readiness Career exploration should begin early in a student’s academic journey. Institutions must help students develop the ability to recognize opportunities beyond traditional job titles by: Encouraging proactive networking with faculty, professionals, and industry leaders. Teaching students to research and navigate the hidden job market, where many opportunities exist outside of standard recruitment channels. Expanding experiential learning options, such as internships and project-based coursework, to provide practical experience that aligns with evolving workforce demands. With AI-driven automation threatening traditional advising roles, institutions must act now to redefine how they support student career pathways. Colleges that fail to adapt will continue to see declining retention, underemployment, and dissatisfaction among graduates. Five Takeaways for University Presidents and Boards Be Open to Change – Institutions must actively remove barriers that prevent student success. The current advising model is failing many students, and colleges need to adopt a more flexible, student-centered approach that helps learners navigate their academic and career paths effectively. Preserve Academic Variety – Colleges are eliminating liberal arts programs due to financial pressures, but this limits students' ability to create multidisciplinary educational experiences. Institutions should strive to maintain a diverse academic landscape that allows students to explore various career pathways. Engage Directly with Students – University leaders should make an effort to understand student concerns firsthand. By informally ...
